Hon. Thomas Gilligan

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<div class="infobox person"><div class="widget-row value-only ">Thomas Gilligan</div>
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<div class="widget-row value-only ">
Minnesota 2nd District Court Position 21 </div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;text-align:center;">Tenure</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">Present officeholder</div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;text-align:center;">Term ends</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">
<p> 2029
</p>
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<div style="text-align:center; font-size: 90%; font-style: italic;">
<p> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Help:Report_an_error">Report an officeholder change</a>
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<div class="widget-row value-only ">Elections and appointments</div>
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<div class="widget-key">Last elected</div>
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<p> November 8, 2022
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<div class="widget-key">Appointed</div>
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<p> September 2, 2014
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<p> Education
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<div class="widget-key">Bachelor's</div>
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<p> University of Wisconsin, Madison
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<div class="widget-key">Law</div>
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<p> William Mitchell College of Law
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<div class="widget-row value-only ">Contact</div>
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<p> <a href="https://www.judgethomasgilligan.com/" target="_blank">Campaign website</a>
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<p><b>Thomas Gilligan</b> is a judge for Position 21 of the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Minnesota_Second_Judicial_District">Minnesota Second Judicial District</a>. His current term ends on January 1, 2029.</p><p>Gilligan ran for re-election for the Position 21 judge of the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Minnesota_Second_Judicial_District">Minnesota Second Judicial District</a>. He won in the general election on <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Municipal_elections_in_Ramsey_County,_Minnesota_(2022)">November 8, 2022</a>. </p>
<p>Gilligan was appointed by <a href="/Democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic">Democratic</a> Governor <a href="/Mark_Dayton" title="Mark Dayton">Mark Dayton</a> on September 2, 2014. He ran unopposed for election in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-list_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Elections"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Elections</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#2022"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">2022</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#2016"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">2016</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Selection_method"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Selection method</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Campaign_themes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign themes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#2022_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">2022</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Noteworthy_cases"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Noteworthy cases</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Free_Minnesota_Small_Business_Coalition_v._Walz_(2020)"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Free Minnesota Small Business Coalition v. Walz</i> (2020)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span></h2>
<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #FFB81F; margin:3px; background-color:#fff;font-size:80%;padding:3px;text-align:center;width:200px;">Email <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bio update for Thomas Gilligan">[email protected]</a> to notify us of updates to this biography.
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<p>Gilligan received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a <a href="/J.D." class="mw-redirect" title="J.D.">J.D.</a> from the William Mitchell College of Law. His professional experience includes working as a trial lawyer at Murnane Brandt, a guardian ad litem in <a href="/Ramsey_County,_Minnesota" title="Ramsey County, Minnesota">Ramsey County</a>, and as an adjunct professor at the University of St. Thomas Law School.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">[2]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2022">2022</span></h3>
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</style></p><p style="padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 10px;"><i>See also:&nbsp;<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Municipal_elections_in_Ramsey_County,_Minnesota_(2022)">Municipal elections in Ramsey County, Minnesota (2022)</a></i></p><p style="padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 10px;"><i><a href=""></a></i></p><h4>General election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Minnesota 2nd District Court Position 21</h5></div><p class="results_text">Incumbent <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Gilligan">Thomas Gilligan</a> won election in the general election for Minnesota 2nd District Court Position 21 on November 8, 2022. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">?</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Gilligan_Thomas.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Gilligan_Thomas.jpg"></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><b><u><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Gilligan">Thomas Gilligan</a></u></b> (Nonpartisan)
</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">&nbsp;
<div class="percentage_number">98.6</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 98.6%;">&nbsp;
</div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">87,764</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">&nbsp;
<div class="percentage_number">1.4</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 1.4%;">&nbsp;</div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">1,227</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics"></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">Incumbents</a> are <b><u>bolded and underlined</u></b>. The results have been certified.&nbsp;<a href="https://officialdocuments.sos.state.mn.us/Files/GetDocument/133584" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 88,991 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection"> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2016">2016</span></h3>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Minnesota_local_trial_court_judicial_elections,_2016" title="Minnesota local trial court judicial elections, 2016">Minnesota local trial court judicial elections, 2016</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl><p>
Minnesota held general elections for local judicial offices on November 8, 2016. A primary election occurred on August 9, 2016. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was May 31, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Gilligan</a> ran unopposed in the Minnesota 2nd District, Position 21 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-list_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-1">[1]</a></sup></p><table width="490px" class="bptable gray collapsible" id="collapsibleTable0">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="color:white;background-color: #444;text-align:center" colspan="3"><span class="collapseButton">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="javascript:collapseTable(0);" onclick="ga('send', {'hitType':'event','eventCategory':'HNT opened'});" style="color: white;">hide</a>]</span><b>Minnesota 2nd District, Position 21, General Election, 2016</b></th>
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<tr><td width="275px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Candidate</td>
<td width="75px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Vote&nbsp;%</td>
<td width="100px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Votes</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"></a> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Gilligan</a></b> <small>&nbsp;(unopposed)</small></td>
<td width="75" style="text-align:center">100.00%</td>
<td width="100" style="text-align:center">129,181</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" width="450" style="color:white;background-color:#444;text-align:center"><b>Total Votes</b></td>
<td width="100" style="text-align:center"><b>129,181</b></td></tr><tr>
<td style="text-align:left" colspan="3"><i>Source:</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/Results/AllJudicial/100?districttypeid=37&amp;officetypecode=JD"><i>Minnesota Secretary of State</i>, "Unofficial Results Tuesday, November 8, 2016: Results for All Judicial Races," accessed November 9, 2016</a></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Selection_method">Selection method</span></h4>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">Nonpartisan election of judges</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>Judges of the <a href="/Minnesota_District_Courts" title="Minnesota District Courts">Minnesota District Courts</a> are all chosen in <a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">nonpartisan elections</a> to serve six-year terms. Candidates compete in primaries, from which the top two contestants advance to the general election. Sitting judges must run for re-election if they wish to serve additional terms. While party affiliation is not designated on the ballot, incumbency is. Sitting judges who reach the age of 70 while in office are allowed to serve until the last day of their birthday month.<sup id="cite_ref-general_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The chief judge of each district court is selected by peer vote for a two-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-general_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>Judges of all courts are required to be "learned in the law" and under 70 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-general_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-general-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-retirement_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retirement-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2022_2">2022</span></h3>
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</p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Noteworthy_cases">Noteworthy cases</span></h2>
<h3><span id="Free_Minnesota_Small_Business_Coalition_v._Walz_.282020.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Free_Minnesota_Small_Business_Coalition_v._Walz_(2020)"><i>Free Minnesota Small Business Coalition v. Walz</i> (2020)</span></h3>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Lawsuits_about_state_actions_and_policies_in_response_to_the_coronavirus_(COVID-19)_pandemic,_2020-2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawsuits about state actions and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021">Lawsuits about state actions and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p><i><b>Free Minnesota Small Business Coalition v. Walz</b></i>: On September 1, 2020, Judge <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Gilligan</a>, of Minnesota’s Ramsey County District Court, dismissed a lawsuit filed by thirteen Republican lawmakers and a group of small businesses, challenging Governor Tim Walz’s (D) COVID-19-related executive orders. In their complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that the orders were legislative actions, which cannot be delegated to the governor according to the nondelegation doctrine of the Minnesota Constitution. The plaintiffs further alleged that Walz exceeded his statutory authority under the Minnesota Emergency Management Act, arguing that public health is not a permissible rationale for invoking emergency powers. Lastly, the plaintiffs argued that Walz’s orders violated the guarantee of equal protection by arbitrarily treating similarly situated businesses differently. Gilligan dismissed the claim, writing, "[The] Governor has acted pursuant to the authority delegated to him by the Legislature. ... [The] COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an act of nature that provides the Governor with the basis to declare a peacetime state of emergency in Minnesota." Gilligan added that subjecting the governor’s emergency actions to "a notice and comment period, public hearings, and review by an administrative law judge" would be "cumbersome and unreasonable." In an announcement, the lead plaintiffs said they "will continue the fight, by all means necessary to restore the voice and will of the People, through their representatives in the legislature, to decision-making in state government." They also set up a donation campaign with the aim of funding an appeal. Walz had not commented publicly on the suit, as of September 3, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
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<p class="contact_entity"><b>Candidate</b></p>
<i><p class="contact_office">Minnesota 2nd District Court Position 21</p></i>
<li><a href="https://www.judgethomasgilligan.com/" target="_blank">Website</a></li>

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<li id="cite_note-list-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">? ^{<a href="#cite_ref-list_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span>1.0</a>} ^{<a href="#cite_ref-list_1-1">1.1</a>}</span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://candidates.sos.state.mn.us/CandidateFilingResults.aspx?county=0&amp;municipality=0&amp;schooldistrict=0&amp;hospitaldistrict=0&amp;level=1&amp;party=0&amp;federal=False&amp;judicial=True&amp;executive=False&amp;senate=False&amp;representative=False&amp;title=&amp;office=0&amp;candidateid=0"><i>Minnesota Secretary of State</i>, "2016 State General Election Candidate Filings: Judicial Offices," accessed June 1, 2016</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/About-The-Courts/Overview/JudicialDirectory/Bio.aspx?id=414"><i>Minnesota Judicial Branch</i>, "Judge Thomas A. Gilligan, Jr.," accessed June 6, 2016</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://mnvotesinfo.sos.state.mn.us/voters/election-dates/2016-election-dates/"><i>Minnesota Secretary of State</i>, "2016 Election Dates," accessed December 7, 2015</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-general-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">? ^{<a href="#cite_ref-general_4-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span>4.0</a>} ^{<a href="#cite_ref-general_4-1">4.1</a>} ^{<a href="#cite_ref-general_4-2">4.2</a>}</span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20141002193308/http://www.judicialselection.us/judicial_selection/methods/selection_of_judges.cfm?state=MN"><i>American Judicature Society</i>, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Minnesota," archived October 2, 2014</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-retirement-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-retirement_5-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/statutes/?id=490.121&amp;year=2006#stat..21d"><i>Office of the Revisor of Statutes</i>, "2006 Minnesota Statutes," accessed July 30, 2014</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://freeminnesota.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/21-Order-and-Memorandum-9-1-20.pdf"><i>Free Minnesota Small Business Coalition v. Walz: Order and Memorandum," September 1, 2020</i></a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://freeminnesota.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Petition-for-Quo-Warranto-5-27-20.pdf"><i>Free Minnesota Small Business Coalition v. Walz: Draft Petition," May 28, 2020</i></a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://freeminnesota.net/dayton-appointed-judge-rules-walz-may-continue-dictatorship-in-perpetuity"><i>Free Minnesota Coalition</i>, "Dayton-Appointed Judge Rules Walz may Continue Dictatorship in Perpetuity," September 1, 2020</a></span>
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</p><p><a href="/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> • U.S. District Court: <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">District of Minnesota</a> • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States bankruptcy court, District of Minnesota">District of Minnesota</a>
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• <a href="/Minnesota_Workers%27_Compensation_Court_of_Appeals" title="Minnesota Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals">Minnesota Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals</a>
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</p><p><a href="/Courts_in_Minnesota" title="Courts in Minnesota">Courts in Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Minnesota_judicial_elections" title="Minnesota judicial elections">Minnesota judicial elections</a> • <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Minnesota" title="Judicial selection in Minnesota">Judicial selection in Minnesota</a>
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