Hon. Arthur F. Engoron

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<div class="infobox person"><div class="widget-row value-only Democratic Party">Arthur F. Engoron</div>
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New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District </div>
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<p> 2029
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<p> New York University
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Elections"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Elections</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#2015"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">2015</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#2012"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">2012</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Noteworthy_cases"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Noteworthy cases</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Civil_fraud_trial_(2023)"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Civil fraud trial (2023)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Contempt_of_court_ruling_(2022)"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Contempt of court ruling (2022)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#The_Cloister_East,_Inc._v._New_York_State_Liquor_Authority_(2020)"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority</i> (2020)</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#About_the_court"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">About the court</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li>
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<p><br>
</p><p><b>Arthur F. Engoron</b> is a judge of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a> in <a href="/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. He ran unopposed in the general election on November 3, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Engoron's current term ends in 2029.
</p><p>Engoron was previously a judge on the <a href="/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">New York City Civil Court</a> from 2003 to 2015. He was also an acting justice of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a> from 2013 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">[2]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h2>
<p>Engoron received his B.A. from Columbia University and his <a href="/J.D." class="mw-redirect" title="J.D.">J.D.</a> from the New York University School of Law.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">[2]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2>
<p>Engoron began his career in 1979 as an associate of the law firm of Olwine, Connelly, Chase, O’Donnell &amp; Weyher. He then worked as an associate for Pryor, Cashman, Sherman &amp; Flynn from 1981 to 1983. In 1991, he became a principal law clerk for a state supreme court justice. He worked in that capacity through 2002 and joined the civil court in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">[2]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2015">2015</span></h3>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>See also: <a href="/New_York_judicial_elections,_2015" title="New York judicial elections, 2015">New York judicial elections, 2015</a></i><br>Engoron was elected without opposition to the Supreme Court 1st Judicial District in 2015. New York's general judicial election was held on November 3, 2015.&nbsp;The filing deadline for candidates was August 16, 2015.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2012">2012</span></h3>
<dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_judicial_elections,_2012" title="New York judicial elections, 2012">New York judicial elections, 2012</a></i></dd></dl>
<p>Engoron was re-elected to the <a href="/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">New York City Civil Court</a> after running unopposed in the general election on November 6, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Noteworthy_cases"><a href="/Noteworthy_cases_coverage_at_Ballotpedia" title="Noteworthy cases coverage at Ballotpedia">Noteworthy cases</a></span></h2>
<div><span style="text-align:left;"><h3><span id="Civil_fraud_trial_.282023.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Civil_fraud_trial_(2023)">Civil fraud trial (2023)</span></h3></span>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a></i><span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>On February 16, 2024, <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a> Judge <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur F. Engoron</a> (D) issued a ruling finding former President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R), two of his sons, his company, and executives of his company liable in a civil fraud case for inflating the value of his assets, which allowed him to receive loans and insurance at lower rates than he would otherwise have been able to receive. Trump was ordered to pay $454 million in penalties and interest to the state, was barred from acting as an officer or director of any company in New York for three years, and an independent monitor was appointed to oversee the company's financial reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The lawsuit was filed by New York Attorney General <a href="/Letitia_James" title="Letitia James">Letitia James</a> (D) in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>In his ruling, Engoron wrote, "In order to borrow more and at lower rates, defendants submitted blatantly false financial data to the accountants, resulting in fraudulent financial statements. When confronted at trial with the statements, defendants’ fact and expert witnesses simply denied reality, and defendants failed to accept responsibility or to impose internal controls to prevent future recurrences. As detailed herein, this Court now finds defendants liable, continues the appointment of an Independent Monitor, orders the installation of an Independent Director of Compliance, and limits defendants’ right to conduct business in New York for a few years."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump issued a statement in response to the ruling saying, "The Justice System in New York State, and America as a whole, is under assault by partisan, deluded, biased Judges and Prosecutors. Racist, Corrupt A.G. Tish James has been obsessed with 'Getting Trump' for years, and used Crooked New York State Judge Engoron to get an illegal, unAmerican judgment against me, my family, and my tremendous business. I helped New York City during its worst of times, and now, while it is overrun with Violent Biden Migrant Crime, the Radicals are doing all they can to kick me out."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> On February 26, 2024, Trump appealed the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>A five-judge panel of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a>, issued a ruling on Trump's appeal on March 25, 2024, the deadline by which Trump needed to post bond in order to further appeal the ruling. The court reduced the bond from $454 million to $175 million, and extended the bond deadline by ten days. The court also stayed the portion of Engoron's ruling that barred Trump from acting as an officer or director of any company in New York for three years pending appeals, but allowed the installation of an independent monitor to proceed according to the initial ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Trump posted the $175 million bond on April 1, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
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</p><p>In September 2023, Engroron ruled that Trump committed fraud in a preliminary ruling on one of the seven counts in the case. The ruling revoked some of Trump's business licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> On October 3, 2023, Engoron issued a gag order restraining Trump from making statements related to the case.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
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<div><span style="text-align:left;"><h3><span id="Contempt_of_court_ruling_.282022.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Contempt_of_court_ruling_(2022)">Contempt of court ruling (2022)</span></h3></span>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a></i>&nbsp;<i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/451685_2020_the_people_of_the_stat_v_the_people_of_the_stat_decision_order_on_758.pdf">The people of the state of New York, by Letitia James, Attorney General of the state of New York, vs. The Trump Organization, Inc. DJT Holdings LLC, DJT Holdings Managing Member LLC, Seven Springs LLC, Eric Trump, Charles Martabano, Morgan, Lewis, Bockul LLP, Sheri Dillion, Donald J. Trump, Ivanka, Trump and Donald Trump, Jr.</a>, NYSCEF DOC. NO. 758)</i><br><span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>On April 25, 2022, Judge <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur F. Engoron</a> found former President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) in contempt of court for not complying with a subpoena issued by the <a href="/Attorney_General_of_New_York" title="Attorney General of New York">New York state attorney general’s office</a>. Engoron found that Trump failed to provide documents requested by the attorney general's office and ordered Trump to comply with the subpoena or pay a fine of $10,000 per day.
</p><p>On December 2, 2021, the New York office of the attorney general served a subpoena to Trump to produce certain documents by December 17, 2021. The court denied a quash filed by Trump's legal counsel, but granted a stipulation to extend the production deadline to March 31, 2022. On the production deadline, Trump's counsel submitted an objection and an affirmation stating that they were unable to locate any documents responsive to the subpoena. In his order, Engoron ruled that the filing does not include a substantive explanation of what search methods were used to produce documents to the attorney general's office.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>On April 29, 2022, Engoron denied a motion filed by Trump's counsel to purge his previous contempt of court ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 11, 2022, Engroron lifted the contempt of court order and ordered Trump to pay a $110,000 fine.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
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<h3><span id="The_Cloister_East.2C_Inc._v._New_York_State_Liquor_Authority_.282020.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Cloister_East,_Inc._v._New_York_State_Liquor_Authority_(2020)"><i>The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority</i> (2020)</span></h3>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Lawsuits_about_state_actions_and_policies_in_response_to_the_coronavirus_(COVID-19)_pandemic,_2020-2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawsuits about state actions and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021">Lawsuits about state actions and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p><i><b>The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority</b></i>: On September 11, 2020, Judge <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur F. Engoron</a>, of the New York County Supreme Court, granted a temporary restraining order against the New York State Liquor Authority (SLA), allowing an East Village cafe to reopen. The Cloister Cafe was shut down in August 2020 after authorities alleged it had hosted secretive late-night parties in violation of COVID-19 restrictions. The cafe challenged the shut-down in federal court, but Judge <a href="/Lewis_Kaplan" title="Lewis Kaplan">Lewis Kaplan</a>, of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, denied the cafe a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. The cafe then initiated an Article 78 proceeding in state court. Article 78 proceedings are used to appeal the decision of a New York state or local agency to state court. In its complaint, the cafe argued that SLA had deprived it of its liquor license in violation of state law and its constitutional rights. The cafe alleged that the license revocation was done without notice, "or any pre-suspension opportunity to be heard," in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of procedural due process.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>In his order, Engoron did not specify reasons for granting the temporary restraining order. He did note that "any credible evidence of a significant future infraction [on the part of the cafe] will result in immediate reinstatement of the suspension." Robert Garson, an attorney for the cafe, welcomed the ruling, saying it "may provide a light at the end of the tunnel for all of those restaurant and beverage workers who have also had their licenses summarily and unconstitutionally stripped from them." In a statement to the press, the SLA said it "will continue to vigorously defend the state’s actions and remain laser focused on protecting New Yorkers during this pandemic." A full hearing on the merits was scheduled for October 5, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_the_court">About the court</span></h2>
<dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a> and <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court_1st_Judicial_District" title="New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District">New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District</a></i></dd></dl>
<p>The <b>1st District of the New York Supreme Court</b> is one of thirteen <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York#Judicial_districts" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">judicial districts</a> in the state of <a href="/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. The district is located in Manhattan and is one of the five judicial districts that make up New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>The New York County Supreme Court is divided into two terms, the <a href="/New_York_County_Supreme_Court,_Civil_Term" title="New York County Supreme Court, Civil Term">Civil Term</a>, which is the highest court for civil cases in New York County, and the <a href="/New_York_County_Supreme_Court,_Criminal_Term" title="New York County Supreme Court, Criminal Term">Criminal Term</a>, which is a trial court of unlimited and original jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>The New York Supreme Courts are <i>not</i> New York's courts of last resort. The <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a> is the highest court in New York.
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<ul><li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York" title="Courts in New York">Courts in New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/New_York_Supreme_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Supreme Courts">New York Supreme Courts</a></li>
<li><a href="/New_York_County,_New_York_(Judicial)" title="New York County, New York (Judicial)">New York County, New York</a></li>
<li><a href="/New_York,_New_York" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a></li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://vote.nyc.ny.us/downloads/pdf/documents/boe/2015GeneralElection/2015GeneralContestList.pdf"><i>New York City Board of Elections</i>, "General Election 2015 Contest List," October 5, 2015</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">? ^{<a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span>2.0</a>} ^{<a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-1">2.1</a>} ^{<a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-2">2.2</a>}</span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/judicialdirectory/Bio?JUDGE_ID=uReyi993UuHakcyYlAAP4Q%3D%3D"><i>New York Courts</i>, "Hon. Arthur F. Engoron," accessed January 7, 2016</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/vote/2012/county/newyork.shtml"><i>New York Courts</i>, "2012 Voter Guide: New York County"</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.vote.nyc.ny.us/downloads/pdf/documents/boe/2012GeneralElection/CandidacyList.pdf"><i>New York City Board of Elections</i>, "The Contest List," November 6, 2012</a> <i>Scroll to p.8 of 8</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/judge-set-rule-trumps-370-million-civil-fraud-case-2024-02-16/"><i>Reuters</i>, "Donald Trump must pay $354.9 million, barred from NY business for 3 years, judge rules," February 16, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/trump-fraud-ruling.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "What We Know About New York’s Fraud Case Against Donald Trump," October 2, 2023</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=CJKA2EOIiTRatUAYz6FyeA=="><i>New York Courts</i>, "Decision and Order," accessed February 16, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/16ff14fd-6445-4770-b687-fe658f3db20f"><i>Trump's campaign website</i>, "Statement from President Donald J. Trump on Crooked Joe Biden-directed New York AG Witch Hunt," February 16, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-new-york-civil-fraud-appeal-letitia-james-2f8cc521e00e4a34a1342b961c1416ce"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Donald Trump appeals $454 million judgment in New York civil fraud case," accessed February 26, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/25/trump-new-york-fraud-bond-cut-to-175-million-in-appeal-from-454-million.html"><i>CNBC</i>, "Trump New York fraud bond cut to $175 million in appeal from $454 million," March 25, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://eddsa.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/public/2024_01134_PEOPLE_OF_THE_STATE_OF_v_PEOPLE_OF_THE_STATE_OF_ORDER_21.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the State of New York Appellate Division, First Judicial Department</i>, "Order," accessed March 25, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/us-news/law/donald-trump-obtains-175-million-bond-in-civil-fraud-case-bb950813"><i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, "Donald Trump Obtains $175 Million Bond in Civil Fraud Case," April 1, 2024</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/4233097-trump-civil-fraud-trial-begins-in-new-york/"><i>The Hill</i>, "Trump civil fraud trial begins in New York," accessed October 3, 2023</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/03/trump-fraud-trial-gag-order-00119735"><i>Politico</i>, "Judge in fraud trial imposes gag order after Trump attacks judge’s aide," accessed October 3, 2023</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/451685_2020_the_people_of_the_stat_v_the_people_of_the_stat_decision_order_on_758.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County,</i> accessed May 2, 2022</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abc7ny.com/donald-trump-contempt-appeal-letitia-james-civil/11804422/"><i>ABC 7 NY</i>, "Judge denies motion to purge Trump's contempt ruling, $10,000 per day fine," accessed May 2, 2022</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/11/nyregion/trump-contempt-letitia-james.html?referringSource=articleShare"><i>New York Times</i>, "Judge Lifts Contempt Order Against Trump in Civil Inquiry," accessed May 11, 2022</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/Cloister%20East%2C%20Inc.%20v.%20New%20York%20State%20Liquor%20Authority%2C%2020-cv-6545%20%28LAK%29.pdf"><i>United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</i>, "The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority: Memorandum Opinion Denying Temporary Restraining Order," August 20, 2020</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/20-cv-6545.pdf"><i>United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</i>, "The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority: Memorandum Opinion," September 2, 2020</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=hLLA2FAkgBi8tTD3AJgC9Q=="><i>New York County Supreme Court</i>, "The Cloister East, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority: Order," September 11, 2020</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://pagesix.com/2020/09/11/cloister-cafe-wins-temporary-restraining-order-against-sla/"><i>Page Six</i>, "Cloister Cafe wins temporary restraining order against SLA," September 11, 2020</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/14/21432956/east-village-cloister-cafe-sla-restraining-order-coronavirus"><i>Eater</i>, "Judge Allows East Village Spot Cloister Cafe to Temporarily Reopen Following SLA Lawsuit," September 14, 2020</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up">?</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/courts/1jd/index.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "New York County Courts"</a></span>
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